The Texas Revolution essay part 2Essay Writing Service

The Texas Revolution essay part 2Essay Writing Service The Texas Revolution essay part 2 The Texas Revolution essay part 2The Texas Revolution essay part  1Battle of the Alamo. The most famous battle of the Texas Revolution was the battle for the Alamo where from February 23 to March 6 a group of rebels held selfless defense. Material provision of the Texas garrison was in poor condition lacking soldiers and supplies. Texas government was a mess, no one could provide assistance: even in Texas army there were four different volunteers to command (Tanaka, 47). At the same time, Mexican Army carried out constant shelling; during the first week of the siege more than 200 artillery shells fell on the Alamo area. However, as noted by historian Timothy Todish, bloodless victory could bring only small glory. Therefore, after midnight March 6 the Mexican army began to prepare for the final assault. Texans repulsed two attacks, but failed to repel the third. In a few minutes the Mexican soldiers scaled the walls and killed the gunners seizing control of the 18-pounder cannons of the Alamo (Todish, 63-68). Mexicans continued to shoot even after all Texans were killed thus mistakenly killing each other. Mexican generals could not curb the bloodlust of their soldiers, and even 15 minutes later the soldiers were still firing at the corpses. Santa Anna ordered to cover bodies of Texans with straw and burn them (Edmondson, 82-84).The initial report by Santa Anna claimed that 600 Texans were killed, and Mexican losses were 70 killed and 300 wounded. Other witnesses believed that 182 to 257 Texans were killed, while most historians estimate Mexican losses at 400-600 wounded and killed, which Todish describes as horrific death toll by any standards. In addition, March 19-20, 1836, General Urrea won another victory over Fannin’s Texans in the battle of Coleto (Mexicans lost 212 people, Texans 9 killed and 60 wounded) (Todish, 75). The Texans were forced to surrender and were sent to Goliad, where on March 27 they were executed on the order of Santa Anna: ove rall, in Goliad Massacre 342 captured rebels were executed, which was about half of the killed Texans throughout the war (Huson, 53).Despite its losses at the Alamo, Mexican army still exceeded the Texas army in the ratio of 6 to 1. Santa Anna decided that all Texan resistance was crushed and Texan soldiers were hurriedly leaving the area, retreating to the east. But in fact, the opposite effect occurred: shocked by the cruelty of the Mexicans, people actively joined the newly-established regular army under the command of Houston. In addition, the two-week siege of the Alamo allowed accumulating forces for a decisive battle that took place April 21, 1836 at San Jacinto.Battle of San Jacinto. Santa Anna’s column of 1.5 thousand caught up with Houston’s army on April 19 near the crossing at the town of Lynchburg and took up a position at the confluence of the San Jacinto River and Buffalo Bayou River. Meanwhile, Houston camped less than a kilometer away from Santa Anna o n the other side of the field. Believing that Houston was trapped in the corner, Santa Anna decided to give rest to his army on April 19 and April 22 to move troops into battle. Morning of April 21 Houston held a council of war where most of his officers were in favor of waiting for Santa Anna’s attack, but Houston himself insisted on the implementation of the attack at noon (Groneman, 49-53). It was risky, because the Mexicans stood on the plain, and approaching Texan army was vulnerable to fire. Therefore, Houston decided to send the cavalry to bypass and stretch the infantry line as thin as possible. No doubt, fatal error of Santa Anna played its part as at the time of the midday siesta he did not set the watch for the posts around the camp and did not send patrol and scouts. Trying to move quickly and quietly, about 800 Texan soldiers came to the camp of the Mexican army and suddenly attacked it shouting â€Å"Remember the Alamo!† And â€Å"Remember Goliad!† (Maher, 73-74) Santa Anna’s column consisted primarily of professional soldiers accustomed to fight in the rows, firing in the ranks at the enemy. Most of them were not ready to infighting and even unarmed before this sudden attack. General Manuel Fernndez Castrillà ³n desperately tried to assemble some kind of organized resistance, but soon fell under the bullets and died. His subordinates panicked, and fled; most of the Mexicans began to surrender. Mexican line of defense quickly collapsed, and soon the remnants of the Mexican army 400 men under the command of General Juan Almonte surrendered 9 Moore, 76-77). Santa Anna fled, but was soon found and captured. The overall outcome of the battle that lasted just 18 minutes was the complete rout of the Mexicans who lost 630 men killed, 208 wounded and 730 taken prisoners; while the Texans lost nine dead and 26 wounded. The residue of the Mexican army left without commanders was demoralized and plunged into chaos, despite the fact that there were enough troops to continue the war. Thus, the victory of the Texans was mainly due to an emotional advantage (Tolbert, 65-66).As a result, May 14, 1836 official representatives of Texas and General Santa Anna signed a peace treaty in Velasco. The treaty implied the cessation of hostilities, redeployment of Mexican troops to the south from Rio Grande, return of the stolen property by Mexico and the exchange of prisoners (Pohl, 62-63). Peace treaties, in which the Mexican army had to leave the area, paved the way for the future independence of the Republic of Texas. Texas independence was considered a fait accompli, although Mexico did not recognize it officially until the signing of the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo that ended the Mexican-American War in 1848 (Davis, 78).ConclusionIn 1835, supporters of the Mexican system based on the principles of federalism began an uprising against the increasing the dictatorship regime of President Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna. Mexican Texas settlers raised an armed rebellion against the Mexican government, not being able to tolerate the oppression of their property and migration rights, growing tax burden, and forced disarmament. Insurgent army, which the Mexican army exceeded 6 times, was emotionally stronger and steadier in their struggle for independence from the military terror and dictate of Mexico, which played a crucial role especially after the defeat in the Battle of the Alamo (Scott, 48). Thus, cruelty of Santa Anna’s army at the Alamo and Goliad was a fatal mistake in his attempt to conquer the people of Texas, whereas if he had proved himself a man of honor, followed the laws of humanity, and acted according to the moral principles of war of the 19th century, he might have won (Nofi, 85). But Santa Anna chose to discard morality, reject humanity, made a bid for violence and terror, and as a result lost where he seemed to be bound to achieve a complete and very quick victory.In the decad e after the war, Texas consolidated its position as an independent republic by establishing diplomatic ties with the UK and the US, and in 1845 became the 28th state. Despite this, the anti-slavery minded Northerners feared that the adoption of another slave state would move the domestic balance in favor of the South. These expectations proved right: the accession of the slave states after the victory in the Mexican-American War gave rise to the origins of the Civil War. The Mexican-American War itself caused by the Texas Revolution was destined to become a great shock to both participating countries. For the States, the conflict that almost entirely passed on foreign territory was the first war with another nation, economic burden, and at the same time a bone of contention for the citizens of the United States itself. For Mexico, the war turned into a string of tragedies: the huge loss of human life, destruction of cities and infrastructure, economic disruption and chaos in the cou ntry’s political life.

Canterbury Tales And Lady Bath Essay

Canterbury Tales And Lady Bath Essay Many characters in The Canterbury Tales are only described in the smallest detail. Only a handful are given a physical description and even fewer are actually given names to go by. A character that has a most descriptive detail and also one, whom has a name, is Alice, the Wife of Bath. This majestic lady is very proud of what she has accomplished in life. Also, to defend her ways she uses logic and reason, Chauncer also, never judges her like he does to many other characters, but lets her speak for herself. Although one would imagine the Lady of Bath to be ashamed of her way of life, she simply is not. With her four dead ex-husbands, she has received plenty of money and valuables. While married, Chauncer gives the impression that Alice also had many affairs. These affairs have almost definitely added to her personal wealth. Married now to her fifth husband, who is much younger, because of love and not just dependent on how much money he has. Throughout Alices storytelling, the characters tend to attack her. She simply comes back using simple logic and reasoning. Her basic method of thinking is that if god did not want one to have sex, he would not of given the human race the ability to do so. The ladies behaviour is also very up-front and she enjoys talking a great deal. Yet with having this sort of an attitude, it gives the reader a real look at one of the most described and interesting characters that Chauncer writes about. Most other characters from The Canterbury Tales are judged by Chauncers personal standards and the standards from that particular time period. Alice, the Wife of Bath however, is not judged like this. Chauncer lets the reader decide how to judge her and create her image. He also uses very little irony and sarcasm when he, and other characters talk about Alice. Chauncer simply lets the reader decide how to judge her from telling of her behaviour that was most unusual for that time period. The reader can easily create an accurate judgment of her, mainly because of her up-front attitude towards many aspects of life. As seen, the great Alice, Wife of Bath, is proud of her lifestyle and will go to great lengths to defend it. She is also the only character that the reader can judge for himself or herself with little input from Chauncer. Perhaps being the most described character from the novel gives one the impression that she could also be one of the most important. Her introduction in the prologue, which is one of the longest, also indicated this. All of these characteristics combined; let one visualize a grand picture of this lady.

Evaluating the Effects of Regulatory Agencies on the LIMS ( Laboratory Essay

Evaluating the Effects of Regulatory Agencies on the LIMS ( Laboratory Information Management System ) - Essay Example tion, meets the standards set, notably CMS Regulations Part 493 Sub-part K, Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 (CLIA), and OSE Manual of Policies and Procedures (MAPP) 6700.2. In terms of information security, both agencies will be expecting to be satisfied that the requirements of CMS Regulations Part 170, regarding Information Security, have been met. In practice, Part 170 simply reflects ICT industry standard practice, so providing that the laboratory meets these industry standards, both agencies will be satisfied. In areas specifically involving pathology, a given LIMS implementation will also need to be approved by the College of American Pathologists (CAP). CAP regulators will expect that the LIMS implementation will meet their approval in four key areas: discipline, equipment manufacturer, specimen type and method of analysis. CAP inspections must be regarded as additional to the CMS and OSE inspections and compliance defined below. When examining the exchange of electronic health data, the Federal Regulators will be looking for the use of logical observation identifiers names and codes (LOINC) naming conventions. In order to facilitate the exchange of electronic clinical data between the LIMS being examined and other LIMS implementations, the Regulators will be checking for the use of systematized nomenclature of medicine clinical terms (SNOMED), as defined for specific U.S. applications by the CMS, FDA and, where relevant, CAP. All LIMS Implementations must meet the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Regulations Part 493 Subpart K - Quality System for Nonwaived Testing. This means each LIMS implementation must include as a minimum the following. Establishing and following policies and procedures for monitoring, assessing, and, when indicated, correcting problems identified in the general laboratory systems requirements specified in CMS Regulations Part 493 Subpart K that apply to the laboratory in

What if history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What if history - Essay Example Abraham Lincoln occupies the most elevated place in the pantheon of American presidents and consistent polls show him occupying the first place in the ranks of most popular Presidents in the USA. On the basis of his leadership qualities, accomplishments, dealing with crises, political skills, oratory, upright character, he towers above all others, by any measure that is applied. Lincoln had promised the southerners a magnanimous peace, marked by charity to one and all. But this Reconstruction plan was derailed by his assassination. If Lincoln had not been killed, just after being re-elected, he would have led the nation forward with his exemplary zeal. He was a man who stood on principles and was not guided by public opinion. After his death, the leaders of the North became vindictive towards the fallen south. They imposed laws which crippled the Southern States, economy, polity as well as society. The Black Codes Bill of 1866-1867 was also passed, which forbade slaves from owning land or leaving their present employment. His successor Johnson vetoed the Freedmens Bureau as well as the Civil Rights Act of 1866 which gave blacks the right to vote. Most historians agree that such punishment as was meted out to the Southerners would not have seen the light of day under the stewardship of Lincoln Jan 1st 1863, that freed slaves in the Confederate states. But to the misfortune of the slaves, the man who would lead them to complete freedom was gunned down. It is a most compelling motion, that had Lincoln been alive, after the surrender of General Lee, the integration of African-American, or the slaves, into the mainstream would have been quicker and absolute. The Affirmative Action policy of the 20th century would not have been required, because Lincoln was emphatic that all human beings should be treated as equals. Lincoln has been hailed as the

Relational Leadership qualities of Colin Powell and how he represented Essay

Relational Leadership qualities of Colin Powell and how he represented them - Essay Example Colin L. Powell was born in Harlem in 1937 and was the son of Jamaican immigrants who were very much involved in his education and personal achievement .Colin manifested both these qualities of a bright young man and a high achiever throughout his academic career. He was well aware of his humble beginnings and he makes some interesting reflections about that in his biographical accounts. "In the preface to his autobiography, My American Journey, Powell describes himself as "a black kid of no early promise from an immigrant family of limited means." The audiences who pay dearly to hear Powell speak these days understandably believe that the man who rose from such unpromising beginnings to become one of the most admired public figures in the world must have grasped the secrets of leadership early on. He clung to them dearly as he became the youngest general in the Army, then found his way to the seventh floor of the State Department. "When I go out and speak," says Powell, "I don't talk about the chairmanship and all that stuff. I talk about being a young second lieutenant at Fort Benning, Ga. Most of what I learned about leadership I learned in my first two months there."1 Colin Powell with his vision of success and promoting the ri... In the year 1986 he left Washington to serve as commander of the Fifth Corps in Germany and when he returned he became the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs in Reagan's era. His excellent leadership qualities his 1991 service as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff made him a figure of national importancee during the successful Operation Desert Shield and Desert Storm conducted to to expel the Iraqi army from Kuwait.He declined the opportunity to run for president in the year 1996. and has focused his efforts on his organisation ,America's Promise,since then which is an organization dedicated to creating opportunities for today's young people.This shows how his leadership has been instrumental in encouraging the youth population and also in paving the way for inspired young people. Powell's leadership His political views have been moderate and he has earned great respect with the American people as an inspiration towards all.As has been pointed out in the book "Exploring Leadership"he inspires people with his actions like a good leader should. Serving as the Secretary of State in the Bush administration, Powell was popularly perceived as moderate. Powell's great asset was his tremendous popularity among the American people. He has played a pivotal role after September 11,in the management of America's relationships with other nations in order to secure a stable coalition in the War on Terrorism.He has been a tactful leader and has paved the way for more moderate views amongst the Bush administration.He refused to go to the Iraq War unless the international community supported this decision and continued to be the saner voice

Impact of Information Architecture

Impact of Information Architecture In recent years, as the technology is changing to our society, people are more relying on Internet to find out the solutions for their everyday needs. As some instances, online shopping, learning, processing transactions, watching movies and making easy communications are usual activities today for most of the modern people. In between, there is no doubt about that government related issues are important for the residents or locals and foreigners of the country. There is no way to avoid those transactions if the person is visiting or living in a country and those transactions are also time consuming if try to process manually, for the reasons of travel time, waiting time and other unexpected matters (forgetting of important document and etc). So, governments try to provide the most of the transactions to be able to process via online partly for some of the transactions and some completely. But, there are some difficulties for the expect and the persons who are not familiar with internet so, it is really important to be user friendly and having simple layout in order to be able to use easily by both novice and expert user. In this paper, the studies regarding Information Architecture and Design required to consider when we are to going to develop a user-friendly and good-quality website. I chose the Immigration Checkpoints Authority (ICA) e-government website ww.ica.gov.sg and made justification the site according to my studies regarding information architecture and design concepts especially usability views. Literature Review There are many different views on information architecture with many different areas. Information architecture is the practice of structuring information (knowledge or data) which are structured according to their context in user interaction or larger databases. Rosenfeld expresses the basic concept of IA as the interlinking of three major components: users (who they are, what their information-seeking behaviors and needs are), content (metadata, volume, formats, structure, and organization), and context (business value, business model, culture, politics, resources and resource constraints). Most of the website are developed emphasize on the users requirements and goal. It is essential to consider the information architecture concepts in most of the website in order to let the user with usefulness, usability, efficiency and effectiveness when using the site. While designing the portal site, the first things to think about the target user and user groups and should consider what the user needs, what kind of task are user perform. Moreover, the mental/cognitive aspects should think such as attention (structuring information, use of alert mechanisms and colors,), memory (short-term memory, iconic memory, long-term memory), and the behavioral aspects such as information needs should be well thought-out to match with the usability concepts for the portal website. Furthermore, the interaction design are need to consider in order to let the site is attractive and well-designed especially navigation, search system. Case studies based on ICA website The Immigration Checkpoints Authority (ICA), e-government site, provides many services and functions including issuing of travel documents and identity cards to Singapore citizens and issuing various immigration passes and permits to foreigners. In this site, e-appointment, registration the IC online, applying the students pass for the foreign student via electronically and more services can be performed via this site. Figure-1 ICA website 1. Focus user group This ICA website targets different user groups such as citizens, permanent residents and visitors of the country (Singapore) and information are placed under the different user groups. 2. User Mental/ Cognitive Aspects 2.1 Perception and Attention In this site, the developer uses the alert mechanisms to grab reader attention for example; there is a flash image in the middle centre of the home page to be attractive to user. As information is presented with ample spaces, and text is legible and distinguishable from the background, so the website can be perceived easier by user. (According to the type of users, patterns are used with consistent text size and different colors to attract the users focus). 2.2 Memory Iconic memory In this portal, the images and icons are used in terms of improvement of iconic memory. Short term memory (working memory) mental processing Information is well categorized to support the user short-term memory. So, the user can emphasize on relevant information and do not need to confuse with non-related information. Long term memory knowledge The design supports the long term memory by the recognition of user with using consistent menus, navigation. 3. Interaction design 3.1 Navigation The navigation system is consistent and the global navigation system, persistent navigation, is provided in the whole transaction process. In figure-2, it helps the user navigate the site to find the areas of interest to them and shows users where they are within the site and how to get other page. Furthermore, local navigation uses the within a specific site section, for example, visitors service, entry visa, visit pass, students pass and birth pass. This portal support, breadcrumbs, horizontal list of labels which shows current site location and the path the user go through within this site, and helps user where on website they are and enable user to go back previous page throughout the hierarchical navigation. Breadcrumbs Contextual Navigation Local NavigationFigure-2 3.2 Search Figure -3 This site provides the powerful search feature for the user to find the information which is more desired information of the users. In figure-3, there is search box to find the information and also provide advanced search with the drop down list lets the user chooses within this site or within all government site. Choosing the latter option will help the user to be able to search among all of the Singapores government websites such as Ministry of Health and Ministry of Manpower. 3.3 Categorization In ICA site, there are different categorization for user group and the information and services are categorized for each user group. As an example, a permanent resident can find the related information and services under the category of Permanent Residents. 4. Suggestion for improving site Although the ICA website is nice and user-friendly, still there are some features and technologies to comment perfect. I believe the transactions will be more easier if the website support the user account control feature because a user will only need to fill in their personal information for very first time only and will be stored in the database and later the information will be retrieved when the user login and that data will be able to use for the transactions need. Getting updated is really important in the Information Technology. In addition, very latest technologies will not only help the web-site to be looked well but also provides the new and convenient features such as auto-complete function and real-time announcements. Moreover, the network navigation links which are useful other government sites links that may be related to this site should be support in this site. The features described above are not the vital features. However, it is really better to have those features than doesnt have. I believe that implementing those will make the web-site become more and more perfect. Conclusion In conclusion, the government related issues are essential for every country and the government and people turn into use the e-government website for processing their transaction vial online. In between, those websites should have usability and usefulness for both expect and novice user (e.g. ICA website). So, it should be aware to consider the information architecture in designing and developing the website. According to my literature review, I studied a case, ICA website, in the point of usability concepts especially users, the interaction design between user and the system. According to my studies, user can get more satisfaction when using this ICA website than going physically to ICA building and process the transactions manually. I realize that the website will be more usability, effectiveness and efficiency by focusing on my suggestion base on information architecture issues.

What are Anabolic Steroids? :: essays research papers

What are Anabolic Steroids? Anabolic steroids - or more precisely, anabolic/androgenic steroids - belong to a group known as ergogenic, or so-called "performance-enhancing," drugs. They are synthetic derivatives of testosterone, a natural male hormone. "Anabolic" means growing or building. "Androgenic" means "masculinizing or generating male sexual characteristics. Most healthy males produce between 2 and 10 milligrams of testosterone a day. http://www2.msstate.edu/~jnd2/index.html Reasons for Steroid Use The most common reasons people use anabolic steroids are to: increase muscle mass increase strength train harder reduce the recovery time needed after training Some people believe the benefit from taking steroids is physiological, they make people feel that they are stronger or faster. Others believe that they make people feel that they are more aggressive and so they are able to train harder. Steroid Usage Among Teenagers Steroid usage has often been stereotyped to football players, weightlifters and bodybuilders. New research suggests that this is far from true. Instead, most heavy steroid users are middle class white males, 35% of which do not intend on participating in sporting events. 26% of high school age steroid users cited personal appearance as their primary motive for using the drug. These new trends in steroid use have been attributed to the "new male image" that is being splashed throughout advertisements and magazines. Teenage males develop a desire for the lean, mean and muscular look exemplified by Calvin Klien models and others. The quickest way to success is through anabolic steroids. Many of these teenagers will risk possibility of the side effects associated with steroid usage in exchange for respect. Despite massive weight and muscle gains, many steroid users are never quite happy with their physique. This condition is being labeled as "reverse anorexia" by psychologists and doctors. "I have seen a kid gain 100 pounds in 14 months and still not be satisfied," reports Neil Carolan of BryLin Hospital in Buffalo. Carolan has counseled over 200 teenage steroid users. Arnold Schwarzenegger, once a steroid user himself, addresses the issue of teenage steroid use. "Teenagers should never take anabolic steroids in an attempt to build up the size and strength of their muscle structure. During the teenage years, young males are already in their most anabolic state, with testosterone flooding the system. Adding synthetic anabolic at this point is totally unnecessary." history Greek Olympians used strychnine and hallucinogenic mushrooms to "psyche up" for an event. In 1886 a French cyclist was the first athlete to die from using a performance enhance, called speedballs, a mixture of cocaine and heroin. In the 1920's, physicians inserted slices of monkey testicles into male athletes to help